Saturday 18 October 2008

لۆبی كردن بۆ نه‌ته‌وه‌يه‌كی بێ ده‌وڵه‌ت
Lobbying for a stateless nation

لۆبی كردن بۆ نه‌ته‌وه‌يه‌كی بێ ده‌وڵه‌ت

بيره‌وه‌ری لۆبی و تێڕوانينی ستراتيژی

ناوه‌رۆكی ئه‌و كتێبه‌ بريتيه‌ بيره‌وه‌ری لۆبی كردن له‌ سه‌رده‌می هه‌شتاكان و نه‌وه‌ده‌كان، وه‌ كۆكراوه‌ی وتاره‌ كۆن و نوێكانم له‌سه‌ر بابه‌ته‌ ستراتيژی و چاره‌نوس سازه‌كانی كورد. ٤٧٠ لاپه‌ڕه‌ی به‌ زمانی كورديه‌ و ١۳٠ لاپه‌ڕه‌شی به‌ زمانی ئينگليزيه‌

له‌ مانگی نۆڤه‌مبه‌ری ٢٠٠٧ له‌ چاپ دراوه‌ و كه‌وتۆته‌ كتێبخانه‌كانی كوردستانی باشووره‌وه. بۆ كڕينی ئه‌و كتێبه‌ تكايه‌ كليكی دوگمه‌ی كڕين بكه‌. نرخی كتێبه‌كه‌ به‌ مه‌سره‌فی پۆسته‌وه/له‌ كوردستان ١٢ دۆلار/‌ ‌ بۆ ئه‌وروپا ٢۳ پاوه‌ندی به‌ريتانیا/ بۆ‌ ولاتانی تر ۳٠ پاوه‌ند‌

Lobbying for a stateless nation

This book consists of a collection of my published and unpublished memoirs relating to our lobbying compaign for Kurdish human rights. Written from a personal perspective, it aims to highlight the impact of international politics on events occuring in Kurdistan. The first 470 pages are written in Kurdish and the remaining 130 pages are in English. The book is now available in Hawler and Suleimani bookshops.

This book is available for direct order (£23 for Europe, or £30 for all other countries). Prices include package and postage.

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  • Click on "Buy now" button
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6 comments:

Anonymous said...

Hello,

I try to read your blog and your articles in Hawlati. Even tho I find it hard to read Kurdish texts, I enjoy your writings. I have two questions regarding this book. Where exactly can I get it and is it written in English?


/C.M.

«حلبجة1988» عنوان القضية الكردية.. said...

http://www.mc.Vanderbilt.Edu/reporter/index.html?ID=2800


قبل عشرون عاما، أقدمت السلطات العراقية و حسب خطة مدروسة بقصف العديد من القرى و القصبات الکوردية بالغازات الکيمياوية إنتقاما للخسائر التي ألحقت بقواتها في جبهات القتال، مما أدى إلى سقوط الآلاف من المدنيين أطفالا و نساء و شيوخا، لا لذنب إقترفوه إنما لمجرد کونهم کوردا، و لم تنجوا من تلك الهجمات الکيماوية حتى الطيور و الحيوانات.

أشرس حملة قامت بها القوات العراقية هي قصف طائراتها لمدينة حلبجة بالغازات الکيماوية، حدث ذلك في مثل هذا اليوم قبل عشرين عاما. حلبجة هي وصمة عار على جبين الحکومة العراقية السابقة و من المنطقي أن تطالب الجماهير الکوردية أن تعتذر الحکومة الحالية للشعب الکوردي و أن تعوض عن الخسائر التي لحقت بالمواطنين الکورد.

في مدينة حلبجة قتل بالغازات الکيمياوية ما يقارب خمسة آلاف شخص ، منها عوائل کاملة، کما و جرح أکثر من عشرة آلاف شخص و شرد الآلاف الآخرين. و مع أن هناك الکثيرين من تعرضوا لهذه الغازات السامة ما زالوا على قيد الحياة إلا أنهم يعانون من أعراض تلك الغازات و هم في وضع صحي و نفسي سيئ للغاية، هم يتمنون الموت على حياة ملئها العذاب و المعاناة. إن الغازات السامة قد أثرت حتى على العوامل الوراثية لنساء المنطقة فهم يولدون أطفالا معوقين

محمد عزيز، هو واحد من مرضى القصف الکيمياوي الذي تعرض له مدينة حلبجة، عدا هذا فإنه فقد 15 شخصا من أقرباءه، حالة محمد عزيز کان موضوعا لبحث نشر في مجلة طبية أمريکية بإسم: Journal of American Medical Association

يقول الباحث بأن محمد عزيز هو وثيقة حية لإثبات إستعمال أسلحة القتل الجماعي من قبل السلطات العراقية ضد‌ المواطنين الکورد، و أعراض تلك الغازات واضحة، فقد تعرض قصباته الهوائية لأضرار بالغة و غير قابلة للعلاج، لذا فهو سيعاني بسبب ذلك طول حياته.

يقول الدکتور آرون ميلستون من Vanerbilt University Center و الباحثين الآخرين:

تعرض محمد عزيز إلى العمى نتيجة للغازات الکيمياوية، وهو يعاني من سعال شديد و ضيق في التنفس، لذا فهو يحتاج إلى رئتين جديدتين، لأنه رئتيه يعملان فقط بنسبة 25%. عندما کان محمد عزيز في سن 39 سنة تعرض للعمى لمدة شهر و لا يزال يعاني من السعال و ضيق التنفس، يقول الباحث بأن أکثر سکان تلك المنطقة سوف يعانون من نتائج القضف الکمياوي لمدة طويلة.

غاز الخردل الذي أستخدم في حلبجة هو نفس المکون الکمياوي الذي أستخدم في الحرب العالمية الثانية و تسبب في موت 5% من الذين إستنشقوه. حسب المرکز الأمريکي للسيطرة و الوقايةCDC فإن الأشخاص الذين تعرضوا لتلك الغازات قد يعانون من الأعراض التالية لمدة غير محددة:

ـ إحمرار الجلد و الحکة
ـ ألم و حرقة في العيون مع سيلان الدموع و الإصابة بالعمى بين فترة و أخرى.
ـ ضيق التنفس و نزيف الأنف مع العطس و سيلان الدموع.
إضافة لما أعلاه من الممکن أن يصاب الشخص إلى الأمراض التالية:
Chonic bronchitis, Airway hyperactivity, bronchitis̉s, pulmonary fibrosis
ـ التقيئ و الإسهال و المغص.

المصادر:

p://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/290/5/598?
maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=halabja&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT

http://www.esquire.com/dont-miss/wifl/chemicalattack0807

http://halabja19881964.spaces.live.com/default.aspx?wa=wsignin1.0

http://samo74.maktoobblog.com/299696/halabja%252Firaq_1988

«حلبجة1988» عنوان القضية الكردية.. said...

Dr. Aaron Milstone examines Mohammed Aziz, who endured a mustard gas attack in 1988 in Iraq. He he has been treated at VUMC since 2001. Photo by Dana Johnson


Jessica Pasley

Mohammed Aziz still suffers the effects of a mustard gas attack he endured 15 years ago in his native Iraq. Aziz — who has been treated at Vanderbilt since 2001 — is the first proven case of brochiolitis obliterans seen in the United States after exposure to mustard gas, according to a report in the Aug. 6 Journal of the American Medical Association.

Vanderbilt pulmonary physicians are familiar with bronchiolitis obliterans. Considered relatively rare, the disorder causes scarring and inflammation to the lungs. It is most commonly seen in post lung and bone marrow transplant patients, patients with connective tissue disorders, and can arise after complications from certain forms of viral and bacterial infections.

Aziz, 39, is being treated by Vanderbilt pulmonologists Dr. Aaron Milstone, assistant professor of Medicine, Jason Thomason and Todd Rice, both senior fellows in Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.

Aziz was referred to Vanderbilt for a possible lung transplant from an area hospital. He presented with severe shortness of breath, a constant cough and very low oxygen levels. Upon questioning, doctors learned Aziz’s history — he lived in the Kurdish town of Halabja, which was the target of an Iraqi chemical weapons attack that included mustard gas and nerve agents during the Iran-Iraq War.

“This is the first and probably the only time in our clinical practices to see something like this,” Milstone said. “We were mesmerized by his story.

“When I met him two years ago, I thought he had less than a year to live. I am very impressed with how well he has done. His prognosis is difficult. We are hopeful that with supportive care and antibiotics we will be able to keep him stable so that he can maintain a good quality of life and not require transplant for another two to five years.”

Aziz is presently taking high-dose steroids and antibiotics to suppress the inflammation. He agrees that since beginning treatment under Drs. Milstone, Thomason and Rice that his health has greatly improved.

“It’s interesting, when I first came to Nashville, no one would take my illness seriously,” Aziz said through an interpreter, Aram Khoshnaw. “I didn’t get the service I needed until I was really, really sick. It took about six months. Now, I can walk, there is less coughing, my quality of life has improved considerably.”

Aziz, who has no history of smoking or lung problems, describes the day of the attack – which is also documented in the JAMA report.

A student at Baghdad University, he was home visiting his parents. He recalls rushing to the basement of their home for safety.

“We gathered ourselves and tried to escape,” he said. “The children and elders were nauseated, vomiting and blind. But after two hours I had the same side effects. I lost my [eyesight] for almost a month. Led by friends about six kilometers (4 miles), I escaped. It was horrible going through the Iran border hearing death, people falling, people dying along the way.”

Within hours of the attack, 15 family members were dead. A reported 5,000 people died the day of the attack and up to 12,000 died in the days following.

Aziz was taken to New York for treatment through the Red Crescent Service of Iran, where he later returned to live in a refugee camp. In 1991 he returned home to Halabja to help rebuild the town.

In 1998 he left for Syria, where he spent two years awaiting immigration status. He was resettled in Nashville in 2000.

Although Aziz is the first documented case of BO as a direct result of chemical warfare, Vanderbilt physicians assume that this condition exists in other Kurds living in Halabja — but no cases have yet been reported in the U.S.

“Because Mr. Aziz says his parents, who remain in Halabja, have similar but less severe problems, we feel certain that other case exist.” Thomason said. “Of course, it is extremely difficult for these patients to gain access to a facility such as Vanderbilt in order to obtain a comprehensive evaluation and treatment plan,” he said. “This is the first time we have had the privilege of caring for such a patient.”

Milstone said this case has been a real eye-opener and shows just how little the U.S. knows about bioterrorism.

“It does happen. It’s out there. It just hasn’t happened here.”The recommendation from the report is that “BO from toxic fume inhalation can occur after mustard gas exposure and should be considered in patients who have compatible clinical presentations.”

«حلبجة1988» عنوان القضية الكردية.. said...

http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/290/5/598?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=halabja&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT

-----------------------------------

Bronchiolitis Obliterans in a Survivor of a Chemical Weapons Attack
To the Editor: Bronchiolitis obliterans develops when an injury of small conducting airways leads to the proliferation of granulation tissue and obliteration of the airway lumen. The histological pattern is nonspecific and can result from multiple etiologies. The clinical presentation is divided into 5 categories: toxic fume inhalation, postinfectious, connective tissue disease–associated, localized, and idiopathic.1 Several substances have been reported to cause bronchiolitis obliterans through inhalation of toxic fumes. The distribution of these agents in the lung is determined by the size of the molecule, the duration of exposure, and the solubility of the agent.2

The inhalation of mustard gas has been reported to cause chronic bronchitis, airway hyperactivity, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis,3-6 but there are no reports of the occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans. We report a patient with confirmed bronchiolitis obliterans several years after likely exposure to mustard gas in Iraq.

Report of a Case

In August 2001, we evaluated a 37-year-old male Iraqi Kurd for possible lung transplantation. He reported that he had been present on March 16, 1988, when Iraqi fighter jets dropped multiple warheads on the northeastern Iraqi city of Halabja. (The Halabja attack has been extensively documented elsewhere.7-8) He and his family initially feared direct physical harm and fled to the basement of their home, but oppressive heat and poor air circulation forced them from this enclosed space. As they ran outside, the patient noted a noxious odor similar to rotten fruit. He reported that the intense smell lasted for 5 hours, during which time 15 members of the patient's family died on the street.

Six hours after his initial exposure, our patient reported experiencing eye pain, copious tearing, cough, and dyspnea. He then developed complete blindness, a condition that lasted for 20 days. The Red Crescent service of Iran transported him to the United States for ophthalmologic care and he recovered with treatment (records unavailable). His cough, dyspnea, and production of sputum progressed over the next 14 years, eventually limiting his ability to perform activities of daily living. The patient reported that his parents also complain of similar but less severe lung-related symptoms, including the daily production of purulent sputum. Neither the patient nor any members of his family have any history of tobacco use. He denied having had a history of pneumonia or significant occupational or environmental exposures before 1988.

The patient's ambulatory room air oxygen saturation was 87%. Pertinent physical findings included decreased bilateral breath sounds and an increased anteroposterior diameter. A posterior-anterior chest radiograph displayed hyperinflation and basilar bullae (Figure 1), and pulmonary function testing revealed a severe obstructive pattern with no airflow reversibility. There was no evidence of a connective tissue disorder or 1-antitrypsin deficiency on laboratory evaluation. Subsequent studies included a high-resolution computed tomography scan of his chest (Figure 2) and transbronchial lung biopsies (Figure 3), which revealed bronchiolitis obliterans.



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Figure 1. Posterior-Anterior Chest Radiograph of Patient With Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Radiograph shows hyperinflation and basilar bullae.







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Figure 2. Computed Tomography Scan of the Chest of Patient With Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Scan performed using intravenous contrast demonstrates a ground-glass, mosaic pattern with sharply demarcated borders and surrounding hypodense pulmonary parenchyma, consistent with small airway disease.







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Figure 3. Transbronchial Lung Biopsy Specimen From Patient With Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Low-power view showing 2 obliterated airways, one with chronic inflammatory infiltrate (black arrowhead) and one with fibrosis alone (white arrowhead) (Mason Trichrome stain, original magnification x25).









Treatment included high doses of prednisone (1 mg/kg of body weight) for 6 months, followed by tapering to his current dose of 10 mg/d.9 His symptoms have substantially improved, his spirometry remains stable, and he has not yet required listing for lung transplantation.


Comment

Investigations have revealed that mustard gas and the nerve gases sarin, VX, and Tabun were used in the Halabja attack.7-8 Mustard gas is a vesicant that damages cells through alkylation of DNA and through a secondary, cytokine-mediated inflammatory response.10 This occurs at areas of contact between the gas and human tissue (ie, the eyes and respiratory tract). Eye pain, excessive lacrimation, and blindness occur within 1 to 12 hours of exposure, while edema of the tracheobronchial tree occurs between 4 and 12 hours. High concentrations induce pseudomembranous changes in the airways, and may result in airway necrosis. The clinical course is frequently complicated by secondary bacterial pneumonias. Our patient's initial ophthalmic and ongoing pulmonary symptoms are consistent with exposure to a vesicant such as mustard gas.

The majority of medical reports regarding exposure to mustard gas describe the respiratory symptoms of soldiers involved in various military conflicts, including World War I and the Iran-Iraq war.3-4,6 None of these reports, however, has described bronchiolitis obliterans resulting from exposure to mustard gas or among civilian populations specifically targeted by chemical warfare. We suggest that bronchiolitis obliterans should be considered in patients with respiratory symptoms who have a history of possible exposure to mustard gas.

Anonymous said...

حلبجة الحكاية العريقة لأحزان التأريخ البشري التي لا تنسى ، حلبجة القصة القديمة لتلقي الطعن بالخنجر من الصديق . حلبجة ساحة صراع حكم مسلح بالتكنلوجيا المعقدة مع شعبه الأعزل . صراع غاز الخردل مع صدور الاطفال الرضع . صراع السيانيد مع القلوب النابضة للرجال والنساء العزل ، صراع الطائرات مع الأمهات اللواتي أخفين أطفالهن في أحضانهن ، صراع القتلة مع الرجال الذين جعلوا من أجسادهم حصوناً لزوجاتهم . حلبجة قصة الارض الخصبة والزهور الملونة والأنغام العذبة اللتي تنمو ايماناَ ومحبة في صدور مزارعها وتتفتح أوراداَ توحيدية في بساتينها ، وتنشر عطوراَ محمدية في رياضها ، وتتردد أصداء ( لا اله الا الله ) في سهولها ووديانها ، وهذه كلها جرائم لا تغتفر في نظر البعث . حلبجة حكاية الرجال الصامدين الذين لم يتوقفوا لحظة عن طلب الحق ولن يتركوا هذا المسير أبداَ

Anonymous said...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wE7bOCQvSPU

This story about HALABJA